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Serial memory processing
Serial memory processing is the act of attending to and processing one item at a time. This is usually contrasted against parallel memory processing, which is the act of attending to and processing all items simultaneously.
In short-term memory tasks, participants are given a set of items (e.g. letters, digits) one at a time and then, after varying periods of delay, are asked for recall of the items. As well, participants could be asked whether a specific target item was present in their original set. The serial order of items and the relationships between them can have varying effects on the item's speed and accuracy of recall.〔Townsend, J. & Fific, M. (2004). Parallel versus serial processing and individual differences in high-speed search in human memory. ''Perception & Psychophysics, 66''(6).〕
==Overview==
Serial memory processing uses internal representations of the memory set in order to compare them to a target stimulus or item that is being presented. These internal representations are then compared to the target stimulus, one at a time. Reaction time increases linearly with the set size, where the more items in the memory set, the longer it will take to compare.〔Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. ''Science, 153''(1).〕
Serial memory processing can be either self-terminating or exhaustive. Self-terminating implies that comparisons stop abruptly as soon as the target is found, and then the response is generated.〔 Evidence for this method is found in reaction time studies. If the reaction time slope for a positive trial (where the target was present in the memory set) is about half of the slope for a negative trial (where the target was not present in the memory set) this demonstrates self-terminating processing. This is because, on average, participants (on positive trials) will stop comparisons about halfway through when they find the target match but participants (on negative trials) will need to compare until the end when no target match is found.〔Sternberg, S. (1969). Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. ''American Scientist, 57''(4).〕 On the other hand, exhaustive implies that comparisons continue until the entire set is compared and then a response is generated.〔 Evidence for this method is also found in reaction time studies. In this case, the reaction time slope is equal for both positive and negative trials, as comparisons are made to the end in both cases.〔 Participants may process some serial memory sets using the self-terminating method and in other cases use the exhaustive method, there is no clear distinction between which method is better to use.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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